Art Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Analysis - Essay Example His interest was focused on capturing the body movements so that he considered himself and preferred to be known more of a realist than an impressionist. Seurat on the other hand experimented on a new form of painting which was called pointillism because he used dots of colors to create a visual effect where primary colors placed near each other form the desired secondary colors. This experiment was inspired by his interest on color theories and the study of primary and secondary colors so that his style hugely contrasted the common manner of mixing colors on a palette. With the different styles of the two artists, obviously, their works have all been different although their thoughts placed into canvass both reflect features of impressionism. In Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon, he tried to capture a photographic image of his subjects where the movements of the people are meticulously considered, interpreting even their facial expressions. As mentioned earlier, he used the concept of optical illusion where the viewers’ eyes seem to ‘mix’ the colors to form his desired color combinations with the use of dots of primary colors. Therefore, there are no traces of brush strokes in his work. Lines and curves have all been dependent on his skill and patience in making the painting. Looking more intently at the painting, one could just imagine the time spent in creating it, the care and painstaking effort exerted on the work. Seurat used the bright colors yellow and red as well as the cool colors green and blue, creating a lively sce ne at the island. He also used other colors for other objects and subjects in the painting, making use of a wide variety of colors. In contrast to Seurat, Degas formed his Ballet Rehearsal at the Set through brush strokes specially using thin lines to express the forms of his subjects. He used a mixture of long and short thin lines to define his thoughts placed into canvass, making every part of the painting detailed. One that could be

Atomic force microscopy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Atomic force microscopy - Lab Report Example The material to be scanned is placed below the tip, as the tip moves across the surface it is attracted or repelled by different forces, the atomic deflection from rest is recorded and an imaging software is used to process the results. The results normally appears as a topographical image of the surface imaged2. Different imaging techniques are used to picture the surface or for different surface analysis, they include the contact mode, non-contact mode and tapping mode. With assistance from specialized software, Atomic Force Microscope can be used to measure characteristics of material surface that other types of microscope cannot image. This method is whereby the tip gets into contact with the surface being scanned, it is the most common mode used in atomic force scanning. The tip have a repulsive force coefficient of 9N. As the tip moves over the surface, the deflection of the cantilever generated is fed to a DC amplifier system, which verifies it and tries to much it with the desired. If the magnitude of deflections is different from the required one, the feedback amplifier system increases the voltage supply to the piezoelectric positioning system to raise or lower the material surface relative to the tip until the desired voltage is achieved3. The measure of voltage supplied to the piezoelectric positioning system gives the degree of roughness and surface features of the material. This is displayed laterally to the position of the sample. The main problem with the contact mode is the application disproportionate force to the sample by the probe leading destruction of the sample surface; this can be minimized by reducing the amount of force applied by the probe. However, there are limits to the minimum force that the operator can apply during scanning in ambient conditions. Ambient conditions possess some challenges to AFS since a thin layer of about 30 monolayers made up of

Best Value Procurement Bids in Council Services

Best Value Procurement Bids in Council Services Empirical Work This paper is an empirical study on the strategic significance that Best Value (BV) Procurement adds to Birmingham City Council. The aim of the proposed research is to quantify the strategic link between the BV and the contemporary strategic Procurement. Then to create a model which will evaluate the contribution of the strategy when applied to Birmingham City Council. Best Value was introduced into the public sector in 1998, announced through the government’s white paper â€Å"Modern Local Government in Touch with the People†. This paper introduced extensive reform of local government, including the new initiative of BV. Within this BV is the e-Government, Community Planning, Strategic Partnerships and new political management structures (White Paper 1998). The theory of Best Value was aimed at improving local government services; this was introduced in the Local Government Act 1999. BV replaced the old system of Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT), and required local authorities to review over a period of five years, the method in which they conduct all their functions. This would take the form of consultation with the local community to deliver the most effective, economic and efficient services (Local Government Act 1999). The Governments intention to reform local government continued and in 2001 they published a further white paper entitled â€Å"Strong Local Leadership, Quality Public Services†. Addressed within this paper were issues that included strong community leadership, continuous improvement, comprehensive performance assessment, financial freedom and modernisation of finance systems (White Paper 2001). The report in 2001 Delivering Better Services for Citizens, a review of local government procurement in England was published as a consultation paper. The report included the following recommendation; there should be clear political responsibility for procurement, with elected members taking a strategic role in securing outcomes. Best Value is about breaking down the boundaries between the public and private sectors in local service delivery. (The Byatt Report 2001) This research paper is based on the government white papers and reports which initially defined BV in procurement and established Strategic Management tools used to identify strategic choice within local authorities. The conceptual analysis is based on identifying the congruence of strategic links between the BV definition and chosen Strategic Management tools. The focus of the paper is Birmingham City Councils BV practices, and this will be measured against the resulting model. The output of this research is to measure the strategic worth of Best Value and the strategic worth of Birmingham City Councils delivery of Best Value. The paper will evaluate the relative merits of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Methodology The rationale of this chapter is to compare and discuss the research methods that could be used for this empirical research paper. When researching any paper there are numerous methods for collecting data, they do not always produce workable data that is easy to analysis. Therefore it is vital to review and plan the methods that will be employed. Before beginning any of the research a time scale will be composed, this will plan and set targets for the research. This plan is flexible, to allow for any considerable changes to the project due to unexpected research findings. Theoretically, the proposal should draw attention to any difficulties with the research question and the access to the data. Secondary Research The secondary research will discuss the theories and concepts which exist on the topic and be presented in the literature review. The findings from the primary research are then tested on these theories for validity (Saunders, M. et al 1997). Tertiary data sources will assist in the search for secondary data, this will reveal books, journals, newspaper articles, and Internet addresses on the topic (Bell, J. 2005). This section of the research will present some of the conclusions from the relevant Government’s White Papers as a secondary source of research data. Primary Research Primary research is vital to the project as it produces the raw data on the current situation in the organisations. A consideration when gathering primary research data, is obtaining the consent of both the organisation and individuals prior to initiating the research and this data must remain within the scope of the project (Saunders et al 1997). Primary Research Methods Method Type of Research Characteristics, Benefits and shortcomings Postal survey Quantitative Cost is low Response rate can be poor Answers may be incomplete Responses are pre-coded and simple so people can understand them this can mean the quality of information provided is lower than from other methods Telephone and/or email survey Quantitative Cost effective method of achieving robust sample allowing generalisations to be made Responses are pre-coded Certain groups do not have access to the telephone, so may be excluded from the sample It is difficult to ask sensitive questions over the telephone Works well with employers Face-to-face survey Quantitative includes both open questions as pre-coded Can achieve robust sample allowing generalisations if sufficient numbers are surveyed Expensive and time-consuming to administrator Ideal for gathering sensitive information or exploring complicated issues interview Qualitative In depth and detailed information can be gathered Interviewers are allowed more flexibility Answers to open questions can be difficult and time-consuming to analyse Expensive and time-consuming to administrator Focus group Qualitative A group discussion with around 8-12 people Can lasts up to 3 hours Capitalises on interaction between participants Participants are not representative of wider population which does not allow for generalisation Good method for gathering sensitive data Requires careful and unbiased analysis Case study Qualitative Researcher gains understanding of a individuals experience Provides good quotations and rich data Can bring alive other research, such as survey data Findings cannot be generalised to a wider population Qualitative Research Qualitative research is not just quality, it is the starting point where individuals understand and can talk about their lives. Qualitative studies attempt to explain social phenomena (for example experience, attitudes, behaviour, interactions and belief) in terms of the wider contexts of individual’s lives (Cresswell, J 1994). To gain this type of data methods such as direct, unstructured interviewing, or observation of real-life settings (ethnography) are used. The data that qualitative methods of research collect is usually words, rather than numbers, in the form of transcripts. That data is typically unstructured, and statistical methods cannot be used in its analysis (King, N. 1998). Individuals are surveyed or studied in order to understand their experience from their perspective, that is, what matters to them, rather than from the standpoint of the researcher or the professionals. Observational studies have been undertaken to understand the informal culture, of the organisation (King, N. 1998). Quantitative Research Quantitative research generates numerical data or data that can be converted into numbers, for example clinical trials or the National Census. Numbers are the main type of data that these methods collect, and those numbers will be analysed using mathematical or statistical techniques. Surveys that take the form of questionnaires are usually quantitative (Cresswell, J 1994). Conclusion This paper will combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches, using a qualitative study to guide the design of a subsequent quantitative study and by mixing elements of the one approach into the other. Questionnaires can contain both quantitative and qualitative questions. This paper will use both a quantitative and quantitative approach to the questions. This will be in the form of a ratings scale (1 to 5), whereas the qualitative questions will present a box where people can write in their own words. To obtain the strategic value in BV, a case study approach will be used; this will gauge the working practices and will enhance the data from the questionnaires. The secondary research will focus on the Governments white papers, and will introduce discussion from books and journals written on the subject. References Bell, J (2005) (4th Edition) Doing Your Research Project,  Open University Press, Buckingham Cresswell, J (1994) Research Design (Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches),  Sage publications, London King, N. (1998) Template analysis in G. Symon and C. Cassell (eds.) Qualitative Methods and Analysis in Organizational Research, Sage London Saunders, M. Et al (1997) Research Methods for Business Students,  Pitman Publishing, London. Papers White Paper (1998) Modern Local Government in Touch with the People,  Accessed through, www.communities.gov.uk Local Government Act 1999,  Accessed through, www.communities.gov.uk White Paper (2001) Strong Local Leadership, Quality Public Services,  Accessed through, www.communities.gov.uk The Byatt Report (2001) Delivering Better Services for Citizens,  Accessed through, www.woking.gov.uk

Stereotypical Images of Native Americans Essay -- American America His

Stereotypical Images of Native Americans The encounter of Christopher Columbus with the indigenous people of the Americas and the Caribbean would ultimately set in motion the destruction of Native American life and culture as it had existed for thousands of years. Images and stereotypes of the Native Americans were indelibly etched into the minds of the Europeans and we struggle today to eradicate these harmful portrayals. When Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was greeted by the natives of what is currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic, on the island of Hispaniola. These people were the Taino Indians, who belong to the general group Arawak, which primarily describes the common language shared by the native people from the area now known as Venezuela all the way up to modern-day Florida. Columbus was immediately struck by the peaceful, generous nature of the Taino. He wrote, "they are gentle and comely people. They are so naive and free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would never believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone... They willingly traded everything they owned..." The Taino society was very highly organized, with a patriarchal hierarchy and distinguished by happiness and friendliness. There were 5 different kingdoms on the island of Hispaniola and each kingdom was led by a cacique. Polygamy was in practice and the caciques often had as many as 30 wives, although most men had only 2 or 3. The wife of a cacique enjoyed great status and honor, as did her children. The people of the kingdom paid a tax or tribute to their cacique in exchange for overseeing the village. There were other hierar... ...ine: I. Columbus meets the Taino/Arawak Indians A. Peaceful/ generous nature 1. highly organized society 2. little defense capabilities or the necessity for them B. Manner of living 1. dress 2. housing C. Genocide 1. cruel treatment 2. disease 3. disappearance of cultural heritage 4. population estimates II. European Impressions A. Strong, self-determined people 1. King Ferdinand's letter to the Taino B. Savages 1. Religious implications 2. Self-serving rationalization III. Native American Stereotypes A. Film B. Literature C. Children's Books 1. The Indian in the Cupboard 2. demeaning vocabulary, "vanishing Indian" concept IV. Contemporary Impressions A. "red" man - designation created by Linnaeus 1. tribal affiliations disregarded 2. assimilation in "white" society B. Discrimination in current society

Effects of Weather on Mood

Enhanced College Writing Cause and Effect Essay September 27, 2012 Effects of Weather on your Mood Many of us have moods that are changeable like the tides, and like the tides, for many of us those moods are dictated by many things including the weather. While you might think that you ‘just woke up on the wrong side of bed' it may in fact be that there are other things at play here – diet, tiredness, weather and more. In fact you could probably go as far as to say that the side of bed that you got out of is unlikely to really have had much to do with your mood at all.Weather is one particularly large indicator of how your mood is going to turn out for the day. The first and most well-known way in which weather affects mood is in what is known as seasonal affective disorder or SAD. This condition can also be known as winter depression, winter blues or seasonal depression and basically it describes a condition in which the individual finds their mood so tied to the changin g of the seasons that they in fact exhibit symptoms close to depression every winter.There are various explanations as to why someone might experience SAD, but generally it is believed to relate to the amount of light. This then means that it is not in fact the cold of winter that causes the depression, but rather the lack of light getting into your brain. At the same time temperature can also affect mood and this is as a result of energy usage. In the winter our immune systems are going to try harder in order to keep our bodies warm and our heart rate will speed up.All this means that energy is directed toward those tasks and so is not available in as large quantities for other activities. At the same time this is also why you are more likely to become ill your immune system is already under pressure from the cold and thus it becomes less able to stave off the attacks from bacteria and viruses. In order to avoid getting ill then and to avoid the depression that can come from it, ma ke sure to eat lots of vitamins and minerals that can help to boost your immune system and to get plenty of sleep.At the same time make sure to use lots of heating in order to warm the house and to keep illnesses at bay. Sleep is also affected by the weather and this in turn can make us more likely to feel depressed. If it is cold for instance then you are more likely to sleep more lightly and that gives your body and mind less quality time in which to recover from your day's activities. Again you are more likely to suffer illnesses and to have low energy, but this can also result in headaches and bad moods.Furthermore you will be getting up in darkness when your body is telling you to go back to sleep and so hormonally you are unprepared for the day. There are countless different ways in which the weather can affect mood then and this includes direct effects on mood and hormones, as well as more subtle second order impacts. Make sure that you stay warm and dry and that you make up for lower energy in your diet.

Acute Care Assignment Essay

1. Identify and discuss 8 aspects of Mrs. Lee pre-operative nursing care? It is an important role of a nurse to ensure that patients are prepared for surgery not only in a physical way but also in a psychological way so they have informed consent of the procedure being undertaken, have psychosocial support and are educated on the expected and unexpected outcomes. For Mrs. Lee, these 8 aspects of pre-operative nursing care may include: Providing psychological support: Because it is already stated that Mrs. Lee’s family is quite anxious, it may very well be also making her anxious about her surgery. Catering to the psychological support needs of a surgical patient will include being there for the patient and answering any questions relating to their fears and concerns regarding the surgery and the post operative period. The answers to these questions need to be honest and factual. If necessary, it may be arranged for Mrs. Lee’s spiritual adviser to come and speak with her also. Providing pain management information: Following on from the psychosocial support needs, one of the reasons that Mrs. Lee may be anxious could be due to the amount of pain she thinks she will be in post surgery or she may be even scared of developing a drug addiction to analgesics. Educating the patient on the types of analgesics they may be given is important, as is how the medication may be administered. Mrs. Lee could be provided with pain management brochures if they are available. Teaching techniques for preventing respiratory complications: As Mrs. Lee is having surgery and more than likely will be going under general anesthesia it is important to reduce any risk of potential respiratory complications by the use of deep breathing techniques, incentive spirometry and pursed lip breathing to assist and maintain an open clear airway. The patient should practice deep breathing exercises hourly with encouragement from the nurse for the first 2-3 days post surgery. Coughing exercises should also be done frequently to ensure the airways are free of secretions. Promoting activity and exercise: It is important to promote exercise and activity as inactivity may cause thrombi and emboli’s as well as respiratory complications which will lead to a delayed recovery time post op. As a nurse, we need to ensure our patients are well informed on activity and exercise post surgery because we do not want a potential DVT. Mrs. Lee will need to be informed that she may be required and encouraged to be out of bed and walking at 8 to 12 hours post op and that the time out of bed will increase daily, and that she will be given analgesia if she requires it. Preparing the surgical site: The nurse will be required to prepare the surgical site whether that be by shaving the area if the patient is rather hairy, washing the skin with antimicrobial soap, swabbing with antimicrobial solutions and wrapping the area in a sterile drape to protect from bacteria. Povidone-iodine is what is mostly used as an antimicrobial solution. The site for the surgery will be identified and marked with a texta (marker pen) which is usually done by the surgeon and verified by other staff e.g., the nurse and written in the documentation. It is important to identify right patient, right procedure and right site. Carry out the pre-operative routine: The pre-operative routine involves: identifying the patient and procedure with the use of arm and leg bands as well as documentation; fasting for 6+ hours ensures that the GI tract will be empty and non active preventing the risk of aspirating on undigested food; elimination of the bowel will reduce the risk of constipation and distention post surgery; consent signature is extremely important as your patient is signing a legal document agreeing to the surgery and it means that they understand the procedure at full; valuables are to be taken from the patient and placed in a secure place which is generally a locker that is locked or a safe. Often wedding rings that are left on the finger will be taped with hypo allergenic tape however they must be removed if there is a risk of oedema in the hands post surgery; allergies must be identified prior to the surgery, generally this would be done in the pre-admission clinic. Allergies must be written in red and the patient must have a red armband on them identifying what the allergy is if it is related to the surgery, dressings, treatment or medications; personal hygiene care involves  showering/bathing/mouth care including dental work and prosthesis which are removed because they may be a choking risk, cosmetics and nail polish; ted stockings may need to be applied and worn throughout the surgery to reduce the risk of a DVT. As a nurse we cannot put ted stockings on without a doctors order. Administer the pre-operative medication: Medications may be ordered as per the medication chart and need to be given to a patient pre surgery must be ready in time and when it is needed. If the patient is on medications prior to surgery, they must be withheld the morning of the surgery if it is elective surgery. There are some exemptions however that may include routine medications, which may be given with minimal water at least 2 hours before the scheduled surgery. Documentation: Is required before and after the patient is wheeled into theatre and to the recovery area. The documentation must be accurate, timely, correct and signed with your designation as it is a legal document. Observation and medication charts must be filled in and signed. The patient is unable to give the healthcare team any information therefore it is extremely important for the charts to be complete. (24 marks) 2. Identify and discuss the initial postoperative assessment and care required in this postoperative phase.  Mrs. Lee has just returned to the ward from the operating theatre and recovery. As she has just returned to the ward, it is essential to do a full set of observations on her (vital signs, neurovascular and neurological). To get a clear understanding of the normal baseline results for this patient, checking the observations chart would be very helpful with identifying and preventing possible issues and complications relating to Mrs. Lee’s surgery. The initial perioperative assessment includes the level of consciousness (GCS), respiratory rate (depth, sounds, chest movement), blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, oxygen saturation level, pain assessment, condition and colour of the skin, circulation (peripheral pulses and sensation), condition and location of dressings, condition of suture line, condition of  drain tubes/catheters, muscle strength and response, pup il response (PEARL), level of comfort, level of activity and exercise and any postoperative instructions. If there were any abnormalities from the nursing assessment, interventions would be made. These observations will be taken every 15 minutes for the first hour then every half an hour for 2 hours, following once every 2 hours ultimately resulting in 4 times daily if there are no problems post op. Relating to the nursing care of Mrs. Lee, she has had a hip replacement so for her to achieve her normal level of ADL’s while she is in hospital will not be to the level that she is used to prior to her surgery. Mrs. Lee will be requiring assistance with personal hygiene including showering and toileting (both voiding and elimination). Encouragement for postoperative activity and exercise along with instruction from the physiotherapist may be needed as her surgery has affected the way she ambulates. Mrs. Lee may need to be positioned and turned every 3 to 4 hourly post surgery, as she may not feel up to getting out of bed yet due to her hip replacement. Positioning of Mrs. Lee may be painful for analgesia may be required when it comes to changing her position. Again, everything a nurse would be doing for Mrs. Lee requires documentation, whether that is in the nursing notes or the drug charts. Every nurse intervention needs to be documented signed and designated for legal purpo ses. (16 marks) 3. Identify and discuss the emergency management of this patient. First and foremost in an emergency situation I would go back to what I have learnt in first aid regarding DRSABCD as well as a primary and secondary survey. Since I have found Mrs. Lee unconscious, I would send for help automatically by pressing the emergency button above the bed and then call a MET call. There are no dangers and I have no response from Mrs. Lee as she is unconscious and I have already sent for help by pressing the emergency button and calling a MET Call. Mrs. Lee has a very low respiratory rate and is breathing very shallow so automatically I would put her on oxygen with a free flow mask with 8-15L of oxygen. Next I will assess her capillary refill, skin colour, blood pressure and pulse, which are also both on the low side. Mrs. Lee is unconscious so that brings her GCS from 15 down to  11; she is also febrile and has a high temperature. The secondary survey will look at the head, neck, chest, abdom en back and limbs. There has been no evidence of a fall in hospital and the head and neck don’t appear to be lacerated, fractured or bleeding. There is a small hematoma on the left frontal region of the head due to a fall prior to admission. The chest is normal, breathing is shallow and there are no abnormal breathing sounds. There is oedema in the abdominal cavity, possibly related to the hip replacement surgery. It is tender. All the abdominal organs felt normal with palpation, no abnormalities found. There is bright red blood coming from the redivac drain from the hip joint, which has soaked through x2 combine, and there is blood on the patient’s bluey, which has leaked from the wound site. The limbs appear to be slightly cyanosed possibly relating to the blood loss and capillary refill is slow. Peripheral pulses are weak. As Mrs. Lee has suffered from blood loss, it will be essential for the doctor to order a blood transfusion as well as fluids to bring the patient back to a level of stability. Management of what appears to be Hypovolemic Shock will be to keep the patient warm to lower the risk of hypothermia. Me dications such as dopamine may be given to increase blood pressure and cardiac output. An ECG will be given for cardiac monitoring due to the blood loss. Mrs. Lee will then be sent off for the following tests: FBE (full blood exam), LFT (liver function test), CRP (C-reactive protein test), chest x-ray, ABG (arterial blood gas test). 4. A) Discuss the nursing care of a patient on a blood transfusion with rationales to support your answers. Mrs. Lee had a FBE (full blood exam) and the results have come back indicating that she has a hemoglobin level of 50, which is extremely low so the doctor has ordered a blood transfusion. First and foremost for the blood transfusion to go ahead, we need patient consent, identification and cross matching. Prior to collecting the blood from the blood bank, Mrs. Lee would already need IV access set up as the blood can only be out of the fridge for 30 minutes. Before the transfusion is set up, checks must be made at the bedside in the presence of another nurse. These checks include right patient identification on the patient tag,  blood pack and documentation; blood product identification; and right blood group. It is also necessary to check the blood pack for any leakage, clots or abnormal colour. Before starting the transfusion you will need to do a full set of observations on Mrs. Lee to get a baseline incase there are any adverse reactions. Then you will need to prime the line with normal saline at 0.9% before you start with the blood transfusion. Once this is done and all documentation and checks are in place, you may start the blood transfusion. The nurse will start the transfusion off slowly and they will need to sit with Mrs. Lee for the first 15 minutes as that is when most adverse reactions occur and if everything is running smoothly and her vital signs are within her normal ranges, the nurse will be able to speed up the transfusion which generally will run over 2 to 3 hours. Observations will need to be done every 15 minutes for the first hour. B) Identify 2 complications that can arise from a blood transfusion. Two complications, which can arise from a blood transfusion, may be a febrile reaction (fever) or a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). 5. Discuss the aspects relevant to Mrs. Lee’s discharge and provide rationales to support your response. Aspects that would be relevant to Mrs. Lee’s discharge are a continuity of care not only for Mrs. Lee herself but for her husband also since she is his primary career. To ensure the best care for Mrs. Lee, discharge planning would include Mrs. Lee herself, her family, doctor, nurses, physiotherapist as well as an occupational therapist. In order for Mrs. Lee to be discharged home, I would have an occupational therapist go out to her home and see if there were any necessary changes there would need to be made to ensure Mrs. Lee would have a lower risk of falling and be able to ambulate within her own home with the use of mobility aids. Help in the home could be contacted to come into Mrs. Lee’s home 3 times a week to help with ADL’s while also encouraging Mrs. Lee to be independent. If it were also possible, the daughter could temporarily stay at her parent’s home for a few weeks to assist with shopping, cooking, cleaning and making sure her mother was taking her  medications as well as her father. If her daughter were unavailable to do this, help in the home would be able to look after the cleaning side of things and meals on wheels may be able to be arranged for Mrs. Lee and her husband. The physiotherapist could make home visits in order to help Mrs. Lee with her exercises and to ensure her range of motion is getting stronger so she can ambulate, as she would have post hip replacement surgery. The royal district nursing service could be contacted to change the dressings on Mrs. Lee’s incision post discharge which would be more convenient to her as well as her family as they wouldn’t be having to arrange transport to go to the GP or clinic every few days to get the dressing checked and changed if need be. Prior to discharge from hospital , Mrs. Lee would need to be educated on the exercises she would need to do to regain strength in her hip, which the physiotherapist would explain and show to her. References: Books – Tollefson, J, 2012. Clinical Psychomotor Skills: Assessment tools for nursing students. 5th ed. Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited. – Kozier and Erbs ‘ Fundamentals of Nursing’. (2012). 2nd edition. Pearson Internet – Hypovolemic Shock: An Overview, Dorothy M. Kelley https://elibrary.utas.edu.au/utas/file/05409184-2b96-23be-1aff-43a5cf934b31/1/15826962.pdf [Accessed 21st April 2014] – Hypovolemic Shock http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000167.htm [Accessed 18th April 2014] – Principles of monitoring postoperative patients http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/critical-care/principles-of-monitoring-postoperative-patients/5059272.article [Accessed 18th April 2014] Journals – Paul Froom, Tayser Mahameed, Rosa Havis, Mira Barak. 2001. Effect of Urgent Clinician Notification of Low Haemoglobin Values. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.clinchem.org/content/47/1/63.full. [Accessed 18 April 14].