Creativity: The Most Common Tool to Explain Human Origin?

Creativity: The Most Common Tool to Explain Human Origin? Has Creativity Been the Most Common Tool to Explain Human Origin? Bryan Perez   Abstract The creative process is directly involved in the development of theories that explain the mans origin. In like manner, the religion and the science are connected by their provenance. The contemporaneous beliefs and the cultural stories from ancient civilizations are also influenced by creativity, equally, evolution shows a creative development located in some stages that shows morphological and psychological changes. This paper evaluates the creative influence in the development of theories which explain the mans origin. Web sources and also relevant books were used to identify and link different points of view about the topic. The most remarkable results locate the creativity as the process that humans develop all along, with attention to chronological interpretations such as the evolution stages and also common points in different religious and cultural beliefs. Finally, the conclusion stablishes how creativity may influence the theories postulation, issue where it should be as obj ective as possible to attempt to explain facts instead of thoughts. Introduction It is said that God has created man in his own image. But it may be that humankind has created God in the image of humankind (Hanh, 1999). Sometimes, people ask themselves how everything around them was created. What or Who is the creator of everything? Answers to these questions are generated by the same common people, children, teachers, youths and scientists, who constantly ask for explanations about their origin. This origin is usually related to some theories (creationism and evolutionism), which come from a process of investigation and a little part of imagination. Even when these theories explain facts (National Center for Science Education, n.d., para. 3), scientists do not have enough evidence about the first yoctosecond of the Universes existence. They may be obligated to complete the missing piece of the puzzle with some ideas elaborated by their creative minds. The evolution theory has undergone some changes throughout history. It is a consequence of the creative influence on the development of new theories. For interesting topics, creativity is really useful. Scientists should be conscious of the information they provide with their theories. Mans creativity has been an important part of the explanation of his origin, this statement is sustained in three relevant aspects: mans creation theories with a common theme about a creator, human evolutive process and its refutations, and lastly, the creative development that leads to reason beyond simple ideas. Common theme in creation theories Have been heard about humans out of yellow and white corn (Batz, 2012)? Or maybe Lake Titicaca Story? Those are theories that explain mans origin on the Mayas and the Incas creation. In another part, the Creationist theory is really linked with these, concluding that there are different theories about mans origin, but all of them have a common point of a unique Creator. Humans origin theories To understand the influence of creativity on these humans origin theories, it is necessary to explain three common examples. As the Bible says: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them (Gen. 1:27 English Standard Version). For Christianism, like a monotheistic religion, God is the only explanation for all questions about how man has come into existence until now. In another place the Mayas theory tells that the Creators (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) wanted to create human beings with hearts and minds who could keep the days (Batz, 2012). This last phrase complicated the situation for the Mayas gods, because they had to create three different types of humans. The first group was made of mud, but rain destroyed them and moreover they could not speak. Gods tried again, and created mans of wood, but these did not revere them. When these deities finally created humans out of yellow and white corn who could talk, they were satisfied (Batz, 2012), because these had intelligence and respect for their creators. In a last comparative theory, Incas converge in a general idea. God Viracocha created Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo[1], who emerged from the Lake Titicaca and walked guided by a wooden bar directly to El Cuzco, place where they found the Inca Empire (Cobo, 1979). Creativity on this common point As it is remarkable, the theories have showed a common theme in the idea of an only Creator or Creators. For Christianism, the human being was created from mud, while for the Mayas, muds man was a failure. The Incas, for their part, create a couple similar to Adam and Eve in Christianism but one more time, their God was who create everything around. Except for Christianity, the others are polytheistic, but this does not change that in almost every culture around the world, the religion of a particular culture began with a concept of a masculine, creator God who lives in the heavens (Zukeran, 2007). In the same line, creativity is therefore, responsible for this common point. Human beings develop creative ideas from 6 resources- intellectual processes, knowledge, intellectual style, personality, motivation, and environmental context (Sternberg Lubart, 1991). In consequence, it is thinkable that Individuals may be driven to try to create a sense of coherent self-identity through time, in particular in self-narratives of their development (Feinsten, 2006, p.26); in other words, past civilizations have developed the necessity to create a God in who believed and whom they can worship. To sum up, the similarities founded reflect that there is a common point that prevails between the theories analyzed, this point reflects the creative influence that man uses to explain his own origin in a religious context. Human evolutive process and its refutations It has been thought that evolution is the most acceptable theory to explain the mans origin. The theory bases its main argument on the most evidence that has been discovered through time, nonetheless, this theory has its own refutations, too. On this way, scientists are creative people who beyond postulate a theory, postulate a creative bond that establish the evolution as the explanation for the mans origin. The process of the evolution A Belgian priest, astronomer and professor of physics, Georges Lemaà ®tre proposed the Big Bang theory in 1933. For Catholicism, it was declared as a scientific validation, however, Lemaà ®tre resented this proclamation, stating that the theory was neutral and there was neither a connection nor a contradiction between his religion and his theory (Landsberg, 1999). As it is seen, this theory has a religious origin; but at the same time, it is considered like a valuable explanation for the current science. Lemaà ®tres thought gave birth the Evolution theory by explaining the Earth origin, place where human beings evolved from apes. It was only late in the Tertiary period (about 3-4 million years ago) that one of the branches of the Primates evolved into humans (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Human fossils as well as molecular genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrate the existence of early life forms, which developed before and prepared the present living beings (Facchini, 2002). Do the refutations show a creative intervention of scientists? A 2010 study found no net fruit fly evolution after 600 generations (Thomas, 2012). This fact demonstrates that scientists do not concordat in a common explanation for the evolution process. In addition, another evidence tells that the transition from an amphibians three-chambered heart to a mammals four-chambered heart would require either a new internal heart wall that would block vital blood flow (Thomas, 2012). On the other hand, fossils are the main evidence to support the evolution theory; but as Ph.D. John D. Morris says, fossils appear abruptly in the record, fully formed and fully functional without less adapted ancestors in lower levels that would have preceded them in time (2003). This shows that fossils do not explain evolution as such, so it may be considered that scientists created the bonds between missing links of the evolution theory. The article Scientists are more creative than you might imagine, shows that the improvising brains (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) let the ideas bubble to the surface (Ossola, 2014). Some lines after, the article explain that its going to be the same phenomenon on scientists. Thus, it is reasonable to identify that scientists may develop an involuntary process of creativity when they try to explain unlinked ages of the evolution theory. The reason of all Creativity is the process of having original ideas that have value (Robinson, 2006), thus, it is possible to ask, how may the people create their own origin story by using their creativity? The creative development leads to establish questions or answers about this topic. Scientific postulations and also religious theories have a little influence of subjective thoughts. Indeed, the creativity is much more than an innate quality, it is a state where it is possible to create something. It is exemplified in the students who may demonstrated this by developing their skills into the schools. So, teachers have the big duty of drive the way students learn and what they need to learn (Segan, 2016), because it is changing rapidly. The reason of all comes from this fact, even with the scarcity of modern (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) supplies in poor parts of the world (Childress, 2007), creativity may be developed in every sense; including the development of new theories applicable to the subject of evolution or the mans origin. The reason of all also involves a great link between actual teachers and future scientists, something similar to the educational development of Finland (Faust, 2011), where the creativity is one of the pillars of the education. Therefore, the creative process shows that creativity is the question and the answer for this topic, it is involved in developing or repairing ideas to connect everything related in a theory postulation. In conclusion, the explanation for the mans origin is due to the creative process. This idea is based on three relevant aspects: theories of mans creation, human evolutive process, and lastly the creative development that leads to establish questionable answers about our origin. For the etymology of the Incas and also the Mayas, their existence comes from a gods creation. Historically, the Christianity changed these thoughts into a conventional belief in an only almighty God, who answers every question about human existence. On the contrary, the evolution theory postulates a continuous process of development during several generations in past ages of life. The creative intervention is located in every theory. Humans have a psychological need for a transcendent being that provides meaning and hope to their existence in this vast impersonal universe (Zukeran, 2007). This phrase clears the idea about how the man may include his own thoughts in objective statements like theories. Sometimes, creativity is underestimated in several ways, especially for science works, but it is an inherent quality of the human existence; so, the creativity influences our thoughts. The human being and his origin is a questionable topic. There are some theories of how he could exist from the first period of time. Creator or creators, evolution or not, the creativity was shown as the question and the answer for this topic because it is involved in developing or repairing ideas to connect everything related in a theory postulation. [1] The first couple of human beings in the Incas theory.

1:45 British Time, 11th September 2001 Was When the Unthinkable Happened Essay

1:45 British time, 11th September 2001 was when the unthinkable happened. One of the tallest buildings in the world was hit by a passenger jet. The people on the streets of New York could only watch in shock, horror and disbelief as the low-flying aircraft headed straight for the northern tower of the world trade centre. The jet headed for roughly the 65th to 70th floor of the tower. In a split second, the jet disappeared into the side of the tower, exploding as it did so. Only ten minutes later, when television crews had been alerted to the scene by the first incident, another low-flying aircraft was spotted. Live on US television, the jet banked left and disappeared into the southern tower, exploding as the first one had. As I stated in the first sentence, this all happened at about a quarter to two in the afternoon. On arriving home from school, I still wasn’t aware of what had happened a couple of hours ago. I went down to the newsagents down the road to buy a magazine. I noticed that the shop assistants were paying very close attention to the radio, yet it still didn’t come to me that something was up. At around half past four I turned on the television and couldn’t believe what I saw. There were images of the disaster, being shown over and over again. It didn’t come to me immediately how serious the incident was. As I carried on watching, I began to understand more clearly the significance of the disaster. And seeing images of people coming out of the buildings with blood all over them made me wonder who on earth would want to do a thing like that. The slow motion replays of the crashes showed how the jets simply tore through the walls of the towers like cardboard, and exploding as they went through the walls. It was painful to watch, and sickening to think of all the people on board the plane and inside the buildings. These terrorist attacks had been extremely well planned. Both of the jets were on domestic flights, where the security is not as tight as international flights are. It would be easy, experts say, to take a knife on board. In addition to this, both the flights would have been 6 hours long had the disaster not happened, so there was a lot of fuel on board which would have aided the fire spreading down through the building. It really hit home to me how dreadful it must have been inside the buildings as television pictures showed numerous people jumping to their death from the towers. How desperate must the situation inside have been to jump from 80 floors up? I dread to think. Soon the situation worsened. I gasped with horror as pictures of one of the towers collapsing to the ground were broadcasted by the English stations. It was simply horrible to see, and the dust created was so thick that some of the pictures showed nothing because of the dust in front of the camera. A few minutes later the other tower disappeared from that famous New York skyline as well, and the terrorists had fully succeeded. The terrorists must have also been able to fly the aircrafts. Surly no American pilot (or any nationality pilot for that matter) would fly an aircraft into the Twin Towers, whether threatened with a knife or not. I can’t believe that American Airlines would be so careless, as the crime rate in America is extremely high anyway. Of course I am not saying that any normal American would want to fly a plane into a major building in their own country, but if there was a mentally disabled person who got on a plane with a knife you never know what they might do. If security on these flights had been tighter none of this would have happened, surly. The disbelief was still around for many days after the disaster actually happened, and fire fighters were still searching through the rubble, hoping to find a few survivors among the mess. A few days after the crashes, it was thought that the person responsible was Asuma Bin Laden. As time went on it became more and more certain that Bin Laden was responsible, and eventually the man himself admitted as much on Afghan television. He is now the most sought after person in the world, with George W. Bush offering a $25,000,000 reward for anyone who can tell the USA where Bin Laden is hidden. Even thought I’m not American, everytime I see Bin Laden on the news, anger builds up inside me. How could someone do what he did? He doesn’t look like someone who has killed thousands, but he has, and he’s possibly the most hated man in the world. Having been to New York, (and incidentally, opting to go up the Empire State Building rather than one of the Twin Towers, which I now slightly regret), I feel that I can relate more to what has happened than I would have been able to otherwise. The photos I have of the skyline of New York obviously include the Twin Towers, and I can imagine how wrong the skyline now looks. When I look back on the photos, it makes me wonder why those buildings, which fitted into the skyline so well, are nolonger there. Why did Bin Laden do this? In conclusion, my feelings now, compared to my feelings right after it happened haven’t really changed. Having found out who was responsible, I now know what direction to put my hate towards, and the initial shock has faded, gradually. But when September 11th is mentioned, I still spare a thought for the people in the buildings and on the aircrafts and their families. I dearly hope that nothing of this nature ever happens again. And to finish I think that it is worth asking the question: If God does exist, where on earth was he on September 11th?

Glow Stick Experiment - Rate of Chemical Reaction

Who doesnt love playing with glow sticks? Grab a pair and use them to examine how temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions. Its good science, plus its helpful information for when you want to make a glow stick last longer or glow more brightly. Glow Stick Experiment Materials 3 Glow sticks (the short ones are idea, but you can use any size)Glass of ice waterGlass of hot water   How To Do the Glow Stick Experiment Yes, you can just activate the glow sticks, put them in the glasses, and see what happens, but that wouldnt be an experiment. Apply the scientific method: Make observations. Activate the three glow sticks by snapping them to break the container inside the tube and allowing the chemicals to mix. Does the temperature of the tube change when it starts to glow? What color is the glow? Its a good idea to write down observations.Make a prediction. Youre going to leave one glow stick at room temperature, place one in a glass of ice water, and place the third in a glass of hot water. What do you think will happen?Conduct the experiment. Note what time it is, in case you want to time how long each glow stick lasts. Place one stick in the cold water, one in the hot water, and leave the other at room temperature. If you like, use a thermometer to record the three temperatures.Take data. Note how brightly each tube glows. Are they all the same brightness? Which tube glows the most brightly? Which is the dimmest? If you have time, see how long each tube glows. Did they all glow the same length of time? Which lasted the longest? Which stopped glowin g first? You can even do math, to see how much longer one tube lasted compared with the other.Once you have completed the experiment, examine the data. You can make a table showing how brightly each stick glowed and how long it lasted. These are your results.Draw a conclusion. What happened? Did the outcome of the experiment support your prediction? Why do you think the glow sticks reacted to temperature the way they did? Glow Sticks and the Rate of Chemical Reaction A glow stick is an example of chemiluminescence. This means luminescence or light is produced as the result of a chemical reaction. Several factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction, including temperature, concentration of reactants, and the presence of other chemicals. Spoiler alert: This section tells you what happened and why. Increasing temperature typically increases the rate of the chemical reaction. Increasing temperature speeds up the motion of molecules, so they are more likely to bump into each other and react. In the case of glow sticks, this means a hotter temperature will make the glow stick glow more brightly. However, a faster reaction means it reaches completion more quickly, so placing a glow stick in a hot environment will shorten how long it lasts. On the other hand, you can slow down the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the temperature. If you chill a glow stick, it wont glow as brightly, but it will last much longer. You can use this information to help glow sticks last. When you are done with one, put it in the freezer to slow down its reaction. It may last until the next day, while a glow stick at room temperature would stop producing light. Are Glow Sticks Endothermic or Exothermic? Another experiment you can perform is to determine whether or not glow sticks are endothermic or exothermic. In other words, does the chemical reaction in a glow stick absorb heat (endothermic) or release heat (exothermic)? Its also possible the chemical reaction neither absorbs nor releases heat. You might assume that a glow stick releases heat because it releases energy in the form of light. To find out whether this is true, you need a sensitive thermometer. Measure the temperature of a glow stick before activating it. Measure the temperature once you crack the stick to start the chemical reaction. If the temperature increases, the reaction is exothermic. If it decreases, its endothermic. If you cant record a change, then the reaction is essentially neutral as far as thermal energy is concerned.

Due To The Allure Of Star-Crossed Romance, Intelligent

Due to the allure of star-crossed romance, intelligent witticisms within quid pro quo, and illustrious balls, the novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, has established a name for itself amongst brainy, female youths and underappreciated wives as merely a â€Å"Mom’s Romance Novel.† But contrary to popular belief, Austen’s novel not only tackles issues on public perceptions and the impacts of inbred prejudice, but it also reinforces that idea right away, with evidence of it living in the often overlooked title, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† itself. Although, who could forget the Hollywood drama of a poor, intelligent young woman who seeks contentment in life, and the chiseled, broken Mr. Darcy who longs only for solitude and a good, intelligent†¦show more content†¦Simple practices in communities relies on â€Å"harmless† pressure towards those around them. Elizabeth Bennet is a victim to social pressure as well, but chooses later to fight it than embrace it. There lies a key component of characterization – if one realizes one is being socially manipulated, is it in one’s interest to contest it? In the developing mind of a citizen in a thriving community, it is important to acknowledge the distinct difference between first-hand acquired knowledge (i.e familiarity) and second-hand information (i.e stereotypes), which both contribute to formulating an impression of someone (Cordon 75). These are the early-on developments, and the basis for all human judgement. But circumstances become unfortunate when â€Å"first-hand acquired knowledge† becomes less and less abundant. Familiarity to someone creates stronger memory traces about the person, therefore making the brain more resistant to misinformation and suggestibility (76), but it has a knack for creating perfectly sculptured bubbles around those within a close-knit community. When a group of individuals share an â€Å"acceptable truth† like that of Austen’s opening line to Pride and Prejudice, the group completely disenfranchises themselves from outside influence. They harden the borders of their minds, an d discourage the new and changeable. This is what gives â€Å"second-hand information† so much power--separation from first-handShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesoften never regain their former luster. Mistakes of commission are more spectacular. They involve hasty decisions often based on faulty research, poor planning, misdirected execution, and the like. Although the costs of eroding competitive position due to errors of omission are difficult to calculate precisely, the costs of errors of commission are often fully evident. For example, with Euro Disney, in 1993 alone the loss was $960 million from a poorly planned venture; it improved in 1994 with

The Law Of Desire Temporary Marriage - 1584 Words

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The first chapter, Marriage As Contract, makes the readers understand the importance o f the marriage contract between sexes in Iranian society. The second chapter in â€Å"Law as Imposed† is titled Permanent Marriage: Nikah. In this chapter Haeri emphasizes that to equate temporary marriage with permanent marriage, as the Shi i Muslim religion does, is to misrepresent temporary marriage, causing countless women who practice this action into false hope of marital relationships and responsibilities. The third chapter in â€Å"Law as Imposed† is titled Temporary Marriage: Mut’a. Haeri explains that the differences between permanentShow MoreRelated Islamic Versus Christian Marriage Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe topic of religion in marriage. Specifically it will discuss whether Islamic marriage is better or worse for women than Christian marriage. After study of these two religions, it becomes quite clear Islamic marriage is much worse for women than Christian marriage. 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School Letter Free Essays

Dear Parents: The Elementary Science Club will be having its annual Investigatory Projects Exhibition on Saturday, May 29, 2009, at the school auditorium. In this regard, I would like to seek for you permission to allow your son/daughter to be present on May 22 and 29, both Saturdays, for the activity. As part of the Science Club, he/she will be working with co-members in preparing an Investigatory Project for the exhibit. We will write a custom essay sample on School Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The theme for this year’s exhibit is â€Å"Science in the Face of the Global Financial Crisis. The project will be started on May 22. Then, the works of the students will be showcased on the event come May 29. Through the years, breakthrough projects have been discovered in this annual activity. Similarly this year, three winners will be selected. The grand prize-winning entry will be brought to the state competitions. Last year, the school is proud to take home the third prize for the state championship. It is the school’s thrust to create holistic development for your children. I personally understand that after school, you would like your children to perform other activities, perhaps activities at home or in some other endeavor where you would like your children to excel. The Science Club has the same objectives. Activities such as this helps your children apply their classroom learning into action. I believe that you want this exposure for your children. We have attached a permission slip for you to sign. Should you have any questions or clarifications, please feel free to call our office. How to cite School Letter, Papers

Developing an Urban Design Plan

Question: Describe about the Developing an Urban Design Plan. Answer: Introduction This paper undertakes the scope, utilisation and impact which Urban Designing can make to an urban development project. The Lama Yeshe Village being planned in Bendigo VICis one such project and the discussion in this paper takes a look on this projects use of Urban Designing concepts through a five step process. Urban Design A Brief Since cities and towns in Australia are based on the countrys culture patterns, it becomes essential that they keep evolving and ensuring the sustainability of their economic and social future[1]. In this context, Urban Designing can guide the evolution of Australian cities, while keeping in view the changing cultural values. A sustainable Urban Design can be used for maximising public benefit by ensuring that development is assessed in context of its long term outcome. Thus a viable Urban Design shall ensure that improved sustainability is associated with every initiative which effects the physical changes to a city[2]. As Urban Design is research based, subsequent design processes and its analysis shall support the everyday interaction of society with the urban environment. Moreover, Urban Design also takes into consideration the inter-relationship between the prevailing domains in private and public sectors. The private sector remains diverse, changing and individual in character, whereas the public sector remains interconnected[3], is continuous and permanent in character. Although the private sector remains dependent on public sector, any development of the private land can be best derived when it has inter-relationship with the public sector[4]. Legislative Framework Although urban design does not find much attention in legislation planning, three important legislations are worth mentioning. The Development Act, 1993 first made reference to urban design in context to experts whose knowledge could make them suitable for membership of the Development Assessment Commission. This was followed by The Housing and Urban Development (Administrative Arrangements) (Urban Renewal Authority) Regulations, 2012, which included the objective, and I quote to develop and implement policies and strategies that encourage excellence in the design, planning and delivery of housing and urban development unquote. In the recently promulgated Housing and Urban Development (Administrative Arrangements) (Urban Renewal) Amendment Act, 2013, it was implicitly referred that the principles and practice of urban design are helping build future cities[5]. Under this Act, it was recognised that establishing the Design Review Panels for projects which required masterplan details c ould include urban design features. Apart from this, legislations with limited jurisdiction on urban design have also been formulated, such as the Sustainable Planning Act, 2009 (Qld) which makes restrictive references to the benefits of urban design[6]. Policies This projects is as per the national level Urban Design policy and uses the practice programme for creating awareness about urban design as to how this can increase the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the future cities. Resources Provision of appropriate resources have been made for the implementation of Urban Design practice while promoting this new public-private sector project. Step One: Getting Started Lama Yeshe Village, Bendigo VIC The proposed village shall comprise of the main Stupa, two small stupas along with 62 residential 2 storey dwellings in the style of detached and attached dwellings. The design of the layout is in accordance with the LGAs recommendations based on the ecological assessment of the area[7]. The houses, being built using the urban design concept of terrace, are placed in blocks of six dwellings each. Such an urban design has proven quality of insulation for the interiors. Maintaining environmental sustainability, the key features of these houses will be solar panels and double glazed windows[8]. It is estimated that the exterior of the Great Stupa itself will be completed in about three years, although the interiors will take much longer. These new dwellings are attracting a lot many buyers, especially from retirees and their families, although the buyers will not own the land after they move into this Buddha City but will just own the house. Discovering the grand vision behind the Great Stupa Ian Green, a great devotee of Buddha, is the main driving force behind the project, although he does not think that the city will be finished in his lifetime. The project is being managed by a steering group of local stakeholders, which includes the residents, the local government authorities, business houses, financial institutions, the local community and certain special interest groups[9]. This group, which is overseeing the core construction team, has the executive authority of taking the project towards completion. At present Ian Green is acting as the project manager/team leader and is carrying the prime responsibility of co-ordinating and delivering the entire project[10]. Specific Planning Objectives The following are the planning objectives for this Community Residential-cum-Praying Complex. Facilitate a comprehensive range of houses which will meet the needs of a wide cross-section of the society. Promote a sense of community living through a definition of a neighbourhood area devoted to conservation and visual landscape. Promote a residential amenity having particular regard to environmental safety, convenience and visual attractiveness. Promote and create a structure with urban design which makes efficient use of land and provides open space, community facilities and recreational opportunities, along with fulfilling the spiritual needs of the community[11]. Step Two: Appreciating the Context The contextual appreciation begins with suggested developmental potentials and the working ways associated with urban designing. It is important to analyse the information regarding the needs of the project on the basis of a SWOT analysis (see below)[12]. One of the important component of such an analysis is identifying any contextual physical constraints attached with the future land use which may impact the development potential of the project. A model of the future site The two gold buildings near the Great Stupa are stupas of other Buddhist traditions. The small, white buildings are houses. Source: https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2834848/the-great-stupa-revealed-video-photos/ Lama Yeshe Village Indicative Layout Source: https://planiturbandesign.com.au/projects/urban-design/ Actual Site Photographs of Lama Yeshe Village Source: https://planiturbandesign.com.au/projects/urban-design/ Community Open Space In the contextual sense with regard to the use by the community, an open space comprises of all the Open Space which will be commonly held under public ownership and will form part of the within the LGAs Designation of open Spaces. A hierarchy of the Open Space elements, each with different size and role is to be envisaged for the residents. These major Open Space elements should be linked, wherever found possible, with the linear open spaces, including the streets, walkways and road reserves in order to form an Open Space System which will provide to the users access to a wide range of open space experiences[13]. Objectives for the Open Space System The objectives to be fulfilled by the Open Space System are to: Ensure that the residents have enough public open space to meet their sporting, recreational and environmental needs. Provide enough land for open space in accordance with the urban design functional hierarchy which reflects the needs of the residents. Ensure that the open space system creates links through linear pathways and local street networks all key community and recreational facilities with the residential areas[14]. Ensure that all the vegetation areas are properly conserved by incorporating them into the Open Space Network. Provide a park system which is safe to use by the residents. Preserve all areas having significant visual and scenic attributes. Provide, wherever possible, multiple functional use of the open space system. Preserve all sites and areas which are of significant cultural heritage[15]. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths The project is: Close to both inner city and out-of-city travel. Close to other residential, institutional and commercial areas. Using the urban designing concepts to provide scope to future residents by allowing a street friendly elevation which also enhances street level interaction. Weaknesses The Project has: Little distinction between the public and private domains. Parking provisions which are restricted because of zoning laws. Opportunities The Project makes: Use of urban design techniques makes optimum use of the site. Use of services which complement those offered in the downtown areas. Use of Urban Design for future street enhancement and revitalization of the surroundings. Threats The Project has potential security concerns[16]. Step Three: Creating the Urban Structure For a project that aims at future evaluation, the best way forward is the necessity to agree on its assessment criteria. The project requires to combine the urban design principles with the needs of the community, its economic viability and engineering feasibility. It is important for the implementation of the urban design to adopt a strategy that follows the design intentions and not vice versa[17]. Whenever found necessary, a revisit to the design layout should be taken so as to achieve the highest quality and the most economical solution. The creative design process and constant design development are iterative processes and must involve constant and frequent reviews of the issues as more information is gathered[18]. A Development Framework, commonly known as the Masterplan, becomes the likely output of workings at this stage and this can be enriched by referring to more detailed urban design guidelines and future indicative ideas for the project[19]. Infrastructure and Community Facilities Water Supply Sewerage Electricity and Telephone Urban Storm-water Management Community Facilities These requirements are to be dealt as per the Infrastructure Agreement. Reference should be made to those provisions of the Infrastructure Agreement which are relevant for incorporation in the Structure Plan[20]. Step Four: Detailing the Place A detailed design largely depends on the delivery mechanism and the implementation programme adopted by the management, especially the Project Leader. Ian Green has closely considered them, right from the beginning and keeps reviewing them, with consultation of other stakeholders[21]. Those mechanisms which have been confirmed at this stage are: Management and supervision of all public areas, including community parks and childrens play areas, as these form a key component of ensuring that the projects physical and social quality of the environment is regularly maintained. The Project Leader is of the opinion that these will be constantly subjected to detailed discussions, from time to time, not only with the residents groups and associations but also with the local authorities[22]. Adoption and maintenance of common areas, streets and parks. Management of construction quality by adopting the relevant planning regulations, covenants and applicable legal and financial agreements. Performance Criteria and Compliance The Local Governing Council of the LGA shall take into account, before granting approval to the project or before the promoters carry out development on the prescribed land, the following factors connected with the Conservation Criteria of the area. The likely effects of all the developments, including clearing, on the flora and fauna which is found in the development area[23]. The likely effects of all the developments, including clearing, on erosion, slope stability and siltation of the watercourses in and around the development area. The likely effects of all the developments, including clearing, on the disposal of sewerage effluent / wastewater and storm-water drainage in and around the development area[24]. The Local Governing Council of the LGA shall take into account, before granting approval to the project or before the promoters carry out development on the prescribed land, whether it is required to impose any conditions which are related to: The height and location of the buildings. The materials and colours used for the project, so as to ensure that all the buildings blend with the projects surrounding landscape and are helpful in preserving and enhancing the scenic beauty of the area[25]. Step Five: Conservation Follow Up Objectives for the Conservation Areas The objectives to be adhered to by the Project Leader for the conservation programme are concerned with the protection of: features which have already been identified as being of significance for a particular habitat; the diversity of all habitats for their flora and fauna; the land of the area, particularly that which acts as the habitat connection area; and preserving of sites and areas which have a significant cultural heritage; and conserving all major water catchment areas; those areas which are of scenic value to the area; and visual amenity of all the prominent ridgelines of the area[26]. This project has devoted nearly 50% of the area to the Community Residential Development under the Structure Plan and the intention is to have predominantly residential development combined with most essential areas for retail, educational, community recreation and open space systems[27]. The anticipated number of residential dwellings as per the planning goal of this project is to ensure that the residential development is executed in a way so as to provide a safe and desirable environment to the residents, keeping in view their needs and optimise use of urban land resources[28]. Once the detailed designs are agreed upon, the stakeholders must start the process of implementation and management arrangements, such as: The delivery schedule so as to ensure a range of development opportunities and accommodation benefits are available to the prospective residents. The setting of a management and maintenance structure, especially in the areas of public utility, after the project is completed[29]. Miscellaneous Provisions Earthworks Earthworks and these include removal of vegetation, should only be carried out in those areas which are covered by the approved Area Development Plan or as authorised by the Infrastructure Agreement and only in compliance with the conditions imposed under the approved Area Development Plan or the approved Engineering Drawings. It is for the LGA and the Local Governing Council to impose such conditions as are necessary for implementation once approval for the Area Development Plan or the Engineering Drawings is given[30]. Removal of Vegetation It would be imperative to remove certain portions of the vegetation for the proposed development as it will be necessary for reshaping of the projects land surface. Prior to starting any such activity, the management will submit to the Local Governing Council a report which has been prepared by a professional engineer, providing details of the clearing. This report will also contain a proposed plan for the regeneration / restoration of vegetation for the approval of the Responsible Officer. The managing committee of the project will abide by the conditions, if any, imposed by the Responsible Officer in granting approval to the report such as the requirement concerned with pit burning or chipping of timber[31]. Cultural Heritage The management cannot remove or destroy or interfere in any manner with any of the identified cultural heritage resources, which may either be of Aboriginal or European origin or of the Victoria Estate. It is essential for the Project Leader to satisfy the Local Governing Council that it will not indulge in the avoidance of any law or regulation as designated in Appendix-1 of the Open Space Master Plan and the Cultural Heritage Conservation Plan prior to the Council approving its Local Area Plans[32]. Such an undertaking will include all such lands which are identified as being of cultural heritage significance and are protected by the Environmental Protection Agency of the state. Flooding The Local Governing Council will not allow any urban development, excluding parkland areas, below the notified flood level areas[33]. Noise Exposure The proposed new urban development will comply with the Councils directives with regard to the maximum noise exposure levels. It is for the Project Leader to maintain, where necessary, an appropriate buffer distance and other noise attenuation measures in the construction zone[34]. Conclusion Planning and Urban Design Controls It should be the prime responsibility of all development agencies to adhere to the regulations of the Reform Planning Legislation so as to ensure appropriate development outcomes which are in support of the continuity of the nations urban culture and the projects are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. Hence, the planners must follow the planning and urban design definitions provided in the legislations proposed by the Local Government Policy documents. It must also ensure that the urban design plans will provide a consistent, comprehensive policy to assist the communitys engagement with the development review process. Urban Design controls should be uniform throughout the nation and should provide appropriate controls which encourage architecture of high quality and also ensure that participation of the stakeholders in the approval process is focused on those issues which affect the public domain. Continued Expansion of Cities into Hinterland It is essential to keep a check on the continued expansion of cities into their hinterland if this is not sustainable by the environment. This becomes more important in those areas where density and amenity will be increased and will minimise the efficiency and sustainability of infrastructure[35]. Information on the Physical Characteristics It is for the experts, knowledgeable business heads and developers in particular to ensure that an adequate co-ordination and access to such information about the physical characteristics of major cities is made available to all concerned. In view of this author such an access to the comprehensive information on the physical characteristics of the major cities must be made a fundamental requirement for promoting Urban Design practice. All data provided by the research connected with Urban Design, including data on the current and past composition of the cities and the evaluated processes of changes in relation to an increased sustainability factor over the years should be compiled for easy sharing among the concerned experts. All Local Government Councils are in the best position of securing such comprehensive research data so as to assist and promote Urban Design practice among those involved in the development of more cities. Minimise further Expansion of Cities Supporting the containment of major Australian cities is necessary but not at the cost of housing affordability, although such initiatives should be curtailed which increase the size of the cities disproportionately and compromise their sustainability. Responsibilities of the Communities Support of the communities is required to actively pursue the social, environmental and economic policies of their Councils, especially those policies which directly target the sustainable development of the area and by improvement in the public infrastructure. Advocacy for development which provides high levels of public and private amenity is the need of the times to make cities more sustainable. Hence, communities should support those development applications which although encourage diversity, are environmentally sustainable and have clear community benefits[36]. List of References: Ashworth, Anthony. Contractual Procedures in the Construction Industry. 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